Metaphor

Simile

Personification

Paradox

Oxymoron

Pun

Apostrophe (NOT punctuation)

Definition:

• a form of personification and direct address in which the absent or dead are spoken to as if present, and the inanimate as if animate

Example:

• "Milton! Thou shouldst be living at this hour: / England hath need of thee!" (Wordsworth, "England, 1802")